Learn Basic Linux for beginners:
What is Linux?
Linux is an open source operating system based on UNIX. It is mainly used as servers where applications and databases are hosted.
Assumption for audience : Totally new to Linux
This topic will cover basic Linux command that can be used on day to day basis.
Lets start:
If you are using a Mac/linux laptop/OS, then you can just open a “terminal” window and can start executing commands. For windows machine, we need to install any linux utility like, “Git Bash” . After installing, just run it.
Here I am using windows machine, so I will demo using git bash
Basic commands :
pwd
This command will print the path of the folder you are working with.
$ pwd
/c/Users
ls
This command will list all the files and folders present in the directory you are working with.
$ ls
'All Users'@ 'Default User'@ desktop.ini Tania/
Default/ defaultuser0/ Public/
Some other ls commands
ls -a : This will list all files and folders along with hidden files also.
ls –ltr : This will list the files by the order of creation date. Latest on the top.
cd
This command will get into a specific folder. One can provide the full path of the different folder of relative path.
For example: In below case, linux folder is within the c:/test folder and we can just use cd linux to get into that folder.
$ ls
file.xml
folder1
linux/
Tania@LAPTOP-EB5SRC2O MINGW64 /c/test
$ cd linux
Tania@LAPTOP-EB5SRC2O MINGW64 /c/test/linux
Use below command when we have to navigate to specific folder. Here we provide full path.
Tania@LAPTOP-EB5SRC2O MINGW64 /c/test/linux
$ cd c:/test/log/
Tania@LAPTOP-EB5SRC2O MINGW64 /c/test/log
cd ..
This command is used to go back to the parent folder.
Tania@LAPTOP-EB5SRC2O MINGW64 /c/test/linux
$ cd ..
Tania@LAPTOP-EB5SRC2O MINGW64 /c/test/
mkdir
This command is used to create a new directory in the folder
Tania@LAPTOP-EB5SRC2O MINGW64 /c/test/linux
$ mkdir folderone
Tania@LAPTOP-EB5SRC2O MINGW64 /c/test/linux
$ ls
folderone/
rmdir
This command is used to delete a directory in the folder
Tania@LAPTOP-EB5SRC2O MINGW64 /c/test/linux
$ rm folderone
Tania@LAPTOP-EB5SRC2O MINGW64 /c/test/linux
$ ls
touch
This command is used to create a new file
Tania@LAPTOP-EB5SRC2O MINGW64 /c/test/linux
$ touch a.txt
Tania@LAPTOP-EB5SRC2O MINGW64 /c/test/linux
$ ls
a.txt
cp
This command is used to copy a file from one location to another. It takes two parameters: first one is source and other one is destination. So it will be cp sourcefilepath destinationfilepath
Tania@LAPTOP-EB5SRC2O MINGW64 /c/test/linux
$ ls
a.txt
Tania@LAPTOP-EB5SRC2O MINGW64 /c/test/linux
$ cp a.txt c:/test/
Tania@LAPTOP-EB5SRC2O MINGW64 /c/test/linux
$ cd c:/test
Tania@LAPTOP-EB5SRC2O MINGW64 /c/test
$ ls
a.txtmv
This command is used to rename a file . It takes two parameters: curentName and new name
So it will be mv currentName newname
Tania@LAPTOP-EB5SRC2O MINGW64 /c/test/linux
$ ls
a.txt
Tania@LAPTOP-EB5SRC2O MINGW64 /c/test/linux
$ mv a.txt b.txt
Tania@LAPTOP-EB5SRC2O MINGW64 /c/test/linux
$ ls
b.txt